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The working of active carbon is based on a very large surface area with a fine microstructure and a large number of very fine pores. Commercially available types of activated carbon have an internal surface area of 500 to 2000 m² / g. The activated carbon particles (carbon atoms) exert an attraction to gaseous or liquid particles (molecules) that surround the active carbon or flow through. The strength of this attraction force, is determined by a number of factors, for example, by the shape and mass of the molecules that are in contact with the activated carbon. Because not all molecules are as strongly attracted and retained (adsorbed) by the activated carbon, it is possible to remove one or more unwanted substances from air, gas or liquids.

 
Activated carbon has a large number of pores, of which the size and mutual relationships are determined by the raw material used and the method of activation. As raw material all fibrous materials can be used, such as peanut shells, rice husks, wood chips, peat, coconut, fruit kernels, coal and wood in principle. The use of coconut yields a highly micro-porous activated carbon, which is well suitable in air purification, especially in filters with small amounts of activated carbon. Wood on the other hand gives a naturally particularly macroporous activated carbon, which is suitable for the removal of the large molecules from liquids.